# Generate slugs when saving Eloquent models

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This package provides a trait that will generate a unique slug when saving any Eloquent model.

```php
$model = new EloquentModel();
$model->name = 'activerecord is awesome';
$model->save();

echo $model->slug; // outputs "activerecord-is-awesome"
```

The slugs are generated with Laravels `Str::slug` method, whereby spaces are converted to '-'.

Spatie is a webdesign agency based in Antwerp, Belgium. You'll find an overview of all our open source projects [on our website](https://spatie.be/opensource).

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## Installation

You can install the package via composer:

```bash
composer require spatie/laravel-sluggable
```

## Usage

Your Eloquent models should use the `Spatie\Sluggable\HasSlug` trait and the `Spatie\Sluggable\SlugOptions` class.

The trait contains an abstract method `getSlugOptions()` that you must implement yourself.

Your models' migrations should have a field to save the generated slug to.

Here's an example of how to implement the trait:

```php
namespace App;

use Spatie\Sluggable\HasSlug;
use Spatie\Sluggable\SlugOptions;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

class YourEloquentModel extends Model
{
    use HasSlug;

    /**
     * Get the options for generating the slug.
     */
    public function getSlugOptions() : SlugOptions
    {
        return SlugOptions::create()
            ->generateSlugsFrom('name')
            ->saveSlugsTo('slug');
    }
}
```

With its migration:

```php
use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;

class CreateYourEloquentModelTable extends Migration
{
    public function up()
    {
        Schema::create('your_eloquent_models', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->increments('id');
            $table->string('slug'); // Field name same as your `saveSlugsTo`
            $table->string('name');
            $table->timestamps();
        });
    }
}

```

### Using slugs in routes

To use the generated slug in routes, remember to use Laravel's [implicit route model binding](https://laravel.com/docs/routing#implicit-binding):

```php
namespace App;

use Spatie\Sluggable\HasSlug;
use Spatie\Sluggable\SlugOptions;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

class YourEloquentModel extends Model
{
    use HasSlug;

    /**
     * Get the options for generating the slug.
     */
    public function getSlugOptions() : SlugOptions
    {
        return SlugOptions::create()
            ->generateSlugsFrom('name')
            ->saveSlugsTo('slug');
    }

    /**
     * Get the route key for the model.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function getRouteKeyName()
    {
        return 'slug';
    }
}
```

### Using multiple fields to create the slug

Want to use multiple field as the basis for a slug? No problem!

```php
public function getSlugOptions() : SlugOptions
{
    return SlugOptions::create()
        ->generateSlugsFrom(['first_name', 'last_name'])
        ->saveSlugsTo('slug');
}
```

### Customizing slug generation

You can also pass a `callable` to `generateSlugsFrom`.

By default the package will generate unique slugs by appending '-' and a number, to a slug that already exists.

You can disable this behaviour by calling `allowDuplicateSlugs`.

```php
public function getSlugOptions() : SlugOptions
{
    return SlugOptions::create()
        ->generateSlugsFrom('name')
        ->saveSlugsTo('slug')
        ->allowDuplicateSlugs();
}
```

### Limiting the length of a slug

You can also put a maximum size limit on the created slug:

```php
public function getSlugOptions() : SlugOptions
{
    return SlugOptions::create()
        ->generateSlugsFrom('name')
        ->saveSlugsTo('slug')
        ->slugsShouldBeNoLongerThan(50);
}
```

The slug may be slightly longer than the value specified, due to the suffix which is added to make it unique.

You can also use a custom separator by calling `usingSeparator`

```php
public function getSlugOptions() : SlugOptions
{
    return SlugOptions::create()
        ->generateSlugsFrom('name')
        ->saveSlugsTo('slug')
        ->usingSeparator('_');
}
```

### Setting the slug language

To set the language used by `Str::slug` you may call `usingLanguage`

```php
public function getSlugOptions() : SlugOptions
{
    return SlugOptions::create()
        ->generateSlugsFrom('name')
        ->saveSlugsTo('slug')
        ->usingLanguage('nl');
}
```

### Overriding slugs

You can also override the generated slug just by setting it to another value than the generated slug.

```php
$model = EloquentModel::create(['name' => 'my name']); //slug is now "my-name";
$model->slug = 'my-custom-url';
$model->save(); //slug is now "my-custom-url";
```

## Prevents slugs from being generated on some conditions

If you don't want to create the slug when the model has a state, you can use the `skipGenerateWhen` function.

```php
public function getSlugOptions() : SlugOptions
{
    return SlugOptions::create()
        ->generateSlugsFrom('name')
        ->saveSlugsTo('slug')
        ->skipGenerateWhen(fn () => $this->state === 'draft');
}
```

### Prevent slugs from being generated on creation

If you don't want to create the slug when the model is initially created you can set use the `doNotGenerateSlugsOnCreate()` function.

```php
public function getSlugOptions() : SlugOptions
{
    return SlugOptions::create()
        ->generateSlugsFrom('name')
        ->saveSlugsTo('slug')
        ->doNotGenerateSlugsOnCreate();
}
```

### Prevent slug updates

Similarly, if you want to prevent the slug from being updated on model updates, call `doNotGenerateSlugsOnUpdate()`.

```php
public function getSlugOptions() : SlugOptions
{
    return SlugOptions::create()
        ->generateSlugsFrom('name')
        ->saveSlugsTo('slug')
        ->doNotGenerateSlugsOnUpdate();
}
```

This can be helpful for creating permalinks that don't change until you explicitly want it to.

```php
$model = EloquentModel::create(['name' => 'my name']); //slug is now "my-name";
$model->save();

$model->name = 'changed name';
$model->save(); //slug stays "my-name"
```

### Regenerating slugs

If you want to explicitly update the slug on the model you can call `generateSlug()` on your model at any time to make the slug according to your other options. Don't forget to `save()` the model to persist the update to your database.

### Preventing overwrites

You can prevent slugs from being overwritten.

```php
public function getSlugOptions() : SlugOptions
{
    return SlugOptions::create()
        ->generateSlugsFrom('name')
        ->saveSlugsTo('slug')
        ->preventOverwrite();
}
```

### Using scopes

If you have a global scope that should be taken into account, you can define this as well with `extraScope`. For example if you have a pages table containing pages of multiple websites and every website has it's own unique slugs.

```php
public function getSlugOptions() : SlugOptions
{
    return SlugOptions::create()
        ->generateSlugsFrom('name')
        ->saveSlugsTo('slug')
        ->extraScope(fn ($builder) => $builder->where('scope_id', $this->scope_id));
}
```

### Setting the slug suffix starting index

By default, suffix index starts from 1, you can set starting number.

```php
public function getSlugOptions() : SlugOptions
{
    return SlugOptions::create()
        ->generateSlugsFrom('name')
        ->saveSlugsTo('slug')
        ->startSlugSuffixFrom(2);
}
```

### Generating slug suffix on first occurrence

With the default behavior (assuming that we haven't disabled slug uniqueness with `allowDuplicateSlugs`), the generated slugs for two records with the same source values would be `this-is-an-example` and `this-is-an-example-1`.

When using this option, we are forcing the first occurence to also have a suffix so, even if the slug is unique as it is, it will be suffixed, resulting in `this-is-an-example-1` and `this-is-an-example-2`.

```php
public function getSlugOptions() : SlugOptions
{
    return SlugOptions::create()
        ->generateSlugsFrom('name')
        ->saveSlugsTo('slug')
        ->useSuffixOnFirstOccurrence();
}
```

### Generating a custom slug suffix

By default, the mechanism to make slugs unique is to append an autoincremental value to the slug. You can generate a custom slug suffix such as a random string or hash with `usingSuffixGenerator`.

It accepts a callable that receives the base slug (without any suffix) and the iteration number, which represents how many times the suffix generation process has been run to ensure uniqueness. This number could be useful to monitor the collision rate of the generation process.

```php
public function getSlugOptions() : SlugOptions
{
    return SlugOptions::create()
        ->generateSlugsFrom('name')
        ->saveSlugsTo('slug')
        ->usingSuffixGenerator(
            fn(string $slug, int $iteration) => bin2hex(random_bytes(4))
        ); // Sample dummy method to generate a random hex code of length 8
}
```

### Integration with laravel-translatable

You can use this package along with [laravel-translatable](https://github.com/spatie/laravel-translatable) to generate a slug for each locale. Instead of using the `HasSlug` trait, you must use the `HasTranslatableSlug` trait, and add the name of the slug field to the `$translatable` array. For slugs that are generated from a single field _or_ multiple fields, you don't have to change anything else.

```php
namespace App;

use Spatie\Sluggable\HasTranslatableSlug;
use Spatie\Sluggable\SlugOptions;
use Spatie\Translatable\HasTranslations;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

class YourEloquentModel extends Model
{
    use HasTranslations, HasTranslatableSlug;

    public $translatable = ['name', 'slug'];

    /**
     * Get the options for generating the slug.
     */
    public function getSlugOptions() : SlugOptions
    {
        return SlugOptions::create()
            ->generateSlugsFrom('name')
            ->saveSlugsTo('slug');
    }
}
```

For slugs that are generated from a callable, you need to instantiate the `SlugOptions` with the `createWithLocales` method. The callable now takes two arguments instead of one. Both the `$model` and the `$locale` are available to generate a slug from.

```php
namespace App;

use Spatie\Sluggable\HasTranslatableSlug;
use Spatie\Sluggable\SlugOptions;
use Spatie\Translatable\HasTranslations;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

class YourEloquentModel extends Model
{
    use HasTranslations, HasTranslatableSlug;

    public $translatable = ['name', 'slug'];

    /**
     * Get the options for generating the slug.
     */
    public function getSlugOptions() : SlugOptions
    {
        return SlugOptions::createWithLocales(['en', 'nl'])
            ->generateSlugsFrom(function($model, $locale) {
                return "{$locale} {$model->id}";
            })
            ->saveSlugsTo('slug');
    }
}

```

#### Implicit route model binding

You can also use Laravels [implicit route model binding](https://laravel.com/docs/routing#implicit-binding) inside your controller to automatically resolve the model. To use this feature, make sure that the slug column matches the `routeNameKey`.  
Currently, only some database types support JSON operations. Further information about which databases support JSON can be found in the [Laravel docs](https://laravel.com/docs/queries#json-where-clauses).

```php
namespace App;

use Spatie\Sluggable\HasSlug;
use Spatie\Sluggable\SlugOptions;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

class YourEloquentModel extends Model
{
    use HasTranslations, HasTranslatableSlug;

    public $translatable = ['name', 'slug'];

    /**
     * Get the options for generating the slug.
     */
    public function getSlugOptions() : SlugOptions
    {
        return SlugOptions::create()
            ->generateSlugsFrom('name')
            ->saveSlugsTo('slug');
    }

    /**
     * Get the route key for the model.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function getRouteKeyName()
    {
        return 'slug';
    }
}
```

### Find models by slug

For convenience, you can use the alias `findBySlug` to retrieve a model. The query will compare against the field passed to `saveSlugsTo` when defining the `SlugOptions`.

```php
$model = Article::findBySlug('my-article');
```

`findBySlug` also accepts a second parameter `$columns` just like the default Eloquent `find` method.

## Changelog

Please see [CHANGELOG](CHANGELOG.md) for more information what has changed recently.

## Testing

``` bash
composer test
```

## Contributing

Please see [CONTRIBUTING](https://github.com/spatie/.github/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md) for details.

## Security

If you've found a bug regarding security please mail [security@spatie.be](mailto:security@spatie.be) instead of using the issue tracker.

## Credits

- [Freek Van der Herten](https://github.com/freekmurze)
- [All Contributors](../../contributors)

## License

The MIT License (MIT). Please see [License File](LICENSE.md) for more information.
